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I Nostri Hotel
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Sardinia |
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Situated in the centre of the western part of the
Mediterranean sea, Sardinia and its little islands is
the second Italian island for its surface of 24,090
square kilometers.
Its population is 1.637.639, with a density for square
kilometer of 68 citizens.
Its quadrangular shape (similar to a sandal from which
the ancient name of Ichnusa and Sandaliotis) lays
between 38° 51’ 52’’ and 41° 15’ 42’’ lat. N and 8° 8’
and 9° and 50’ long. E. It is approximately 180
kilometers from the headland of the Argentario, on the
Italian mainland, and 180 kilometers approximately
from Capo Bianco, on the northern coast of Africa
(Tunisia), like an ideal bridge between the two
continents.
Its territory is mainly made of hills (68%), while the
mountains represents 13% of the surface, and the plain
19%.
It is crossed from various rivers, the main ones are
the Tirso, the Flumendosa and the Mannu-Coghinas. All
of them form great artificial lakes.
In the Island there is only one natural lake, Baratz
lake, that is very low dimension but is inserted in a
unique natural atmosphere.
The higher mountain is Gennargentu (1,834m), while the
longest river is Tirso (150km).
Along the coasts there are several salt lagoons, where
fishing and seafood production are held. They
represent also the natural habitat for the fauna,
among the most important for variety and species of
the entire Mediterranean area (approximately 170
species, a third of the whole European fauna). Some of
these lagoons are protected areas by international
conventions for the security of the humid zones.
The island accomodates one of the greatest forrest
area (690,000 hectares) and the longest shoreline of
Italy (1,731 kilometers, 1900 in total, considering
the smaller islands).
The flora and the fauna, are among the richest in the
Mediterranean area.
The flora offers the huge Mediterranean forests of
holm oak and cork, in the middle of the wild “macchia
mediterranea”, composed the more known species.
About the fauna: the Sardinian red deer, the wild cat,
the weasel, the wild pig, the marten, the moufflon,
the fox, the wild rabbit; for the fauna: the hawk of
the Queen, the imperial crow, the gull, the real eagle,
the travelling hawk, the goshawk; for the aquatic
birds: the flamingos, the ducks, the germaniums, the
ayrons, the gulls and the hawks of swamp.
The climate is particularly mild: the annual medium
temperature is 18°C; the medium temperature in summer
is of 25,5° and medium temperature in winter of 11°.
The rains, concentrated in the period between the
autumn and the spring, go from a minimum of 400
millimeters annual in the coast zones to a maximum of
1100 millimeters in the inner zones. The days of rain
in the coast zones do not exceed the 60 days to the
year: That means that 5 days on 6 are more or less
sunny!
The force job counts approximately 550.000 occupied,
therefore is shared: 44.000 in agriculture; 131.000 in
the industry and 373,000 in the services and other
fields of activity.
The agricultural companies are approximately 113.000,
with one agricultural surface used (SAU) of 1.022.000
hectares. The seeded ones are 414.000 hectares, the
permanent cultivations 82.000 hectares and fields and
pastures 526.000 hectares.
The cattle therefore is shared: bovines 250,000;
ovines 2.800.000; goats 210,000; swine 195,000; equine
17,000. The island has the richest ovine and goat
property of Italy, respective 41% and 23%.
Between the main herbaceous cultivations the most
important are: wheat, (1.135.000 qt); rice
(174,000qt); maize (222,00qt); potato (505,000qt);
artichoke (1.080.000qt - a quarter of the national
production); luttuces (240,000qt). Between the main
wood cultivations the most important are: grape vine
(855,000qt); olive tree (535,000qt) and citrus
(737,000qt).
Remarkable it is also the production of milk,
especially ovine milk (3.545.000qt per year - 70% of
the national production).
The agricultural activity and breeding gives place to
products, also thanks to the incontamination of the
inner zones of the island, to the goodness of the
pastures, rich of aromatic grass and to the government
of the great part of the animals on open air. Between
them, milk derivated food has an important production
(above all the cheeses), and also cured pork meats,
conserves, wines, oil, digestives (the typical ones of
the island) obtained from berries like the mirto or
typical fruits, made up of lemon, mandarin, etc.
The island is the greater Italian producer of saffron
together with the Abruzzi.
Fine for shape and taste are the bread, the Sardinian
typical cakes, industrial products from furnace and
handicraft products, made from raw materials.
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But
the earth, the cattle, the cultivations and the
vegetation are the raw materials for the most
important field in the island: the handicraft and the
artistic handicraft. The ceramics, the wood, the cork;
the webbing of the wool, the linen and the cotton; the
working, with dared technical of interlaces, the rush,
raffia and palm; the precious metal and iron are used
for making vases, masks, carpets, baskets, jewels and
typical knives, in order to mention some products of
highest quality and originality, made with ancient
techniques of working, as the use of the firewood
furnace, the chassis of wood, the embroidery
interlaced by hand, the packings of moufflon horn.
Fishing in marine lagoon is remarkable with a
production of 60.000qt of fish and 160.000qt molluscs.
Particularly tasty are the crustaceans, above all the
lobsters, considered the best ones of the
Mediterranean. The faunistic farms are 148, with a
surface of 194.000 hectares. The zones of repopulating
and capture are 23, with one surface of 23.000
hectares. The selling production of agriculture is 1,7
billions euro; the fishing is 89 million euros.
The touristic visits have had a remarkable increment
in the ten last years. The more recent tourist data
gives the following values: Italians 1.400.000,
Foreigners 600.000.
The relative presence of Italians citizens are
7.500.000, those relative foreign tourist s are
3.000.000. 717 are the hotel exercises and places are
80.664.
The complementary exercises (campings and touristic
villages, lodgings and other exercises) are 414 (sleeps
76.452). To these data it is necessary to add thousand
of second houses (for the great part in proximity of
the coast zones), with thousand of sleeps, that are on
rent especially from May to October.
The roads are composed of 3.150 kilometers of state
roads and 5,500 kilometers of provincial roads. The
vehicles in circulation are 1.100.000. The railway is
428 kilometers.
The wide ports in the island support the traffic for
goods and people: Cagliari, S.Antioco, PortoVesme,
Oristano, PortoTorres, Olbia, Golfo Aranci and Arbatax,
beyond and the ports from and to the smaller islands
of Carloforte, Calasetta, Palau, Maddalena and Santa
Teresa di Gallura.
The port of Olbia is the first port of Italy for the
traffic of the passengers, while Porto Foxi, in the
gulf of Cagliari, is one of the more important oil
ports of the Mediterranean.
In proximity of the great ports, as well as in some
strategic zones of the inside territory, there are
areas for industrial development. They are equipped
for the takeover of the industrial enterprises and
services and one of them is particularly structured
for the traffic of the containers: the port terminal
of Cagliari.
Three great international airports are present, with a
total movement of 5 million passengers: Cagliari-Elmas,
Alghero-Fertilia and Olbia-Costa Smeralda. Two smaller
airports exist also: Tortolì-Arbatax, already
operating for medium and small airplane dimensions,
with a movement of 50.000 passengers and
Oristano-Fenosu in phase of start up.
Sardinia, for the particularitity of its history, its
traditions, its language (recognized by law from the
Italian State), and for its condition of insularity,
has a special statute.
That means that special conditions of autonomy
regarding the local government are held. Based on this
acknowledgment, guaranteed from the Italian
Constitution, it has the power to emanate laws in
fundamental matters, such as agriculture and the
forests, public works, building and urban planning,
transports, hunting and fishing, handicraft and
tourism. Moreover Sardinia Region has financial
autonomy with own entrances.
The Autonomous Region of Sardinia has for capital
Cagliari (165,000 citizens)
The territory of the Region is shared in eight
Provinces and 377 towns (Municiples).
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